Can you solve these Winter Olympics-themed math puzzles?
Every four years, the world’s leading winter athletes – the skiers, skaters, sledders and snowboarders – gather to compete for medals in the Winter Olympic Games. In 2018, the games take place in Pyeongchang, South Korea.
Of course, among the drama, bravery and triumph, there is plenty of room for math! So, while you’re cheering on your favourites, don’t miss the chance to tackle these Winter Olympics themed puzzles.
Ski Jump
The most famous ski jumper in history is not exactly famous for being good. Eddie “The Eagle” Edwards, self-funded and short-sighted, famously finished in last place in both the 70m and 90m events at Calgary, Canada in 1988, scoring fewer than half as many points as his nearest competitor. However, these scores are still the British records for ski-jumping! In 2016, a film of his exploits, Eddie The Eagle, was released.
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In the ski jump, competitors ski down a huge ramp, reaching speeds of up to 60mph before jumping as far down the hill as they possibly can.
Each jump is awarded points based on two factors: the distance jumped, and the jumper’s style.
Here is the recipe:
· Take 60 meters away from the distance jumped (this could be a negative number!)
· Double the result
· Add on the style score.
A group of judges also awards up to 60 points for style – how well the jumper flies and lands.
For example, to work out the score for a ski jumper who jumped 95 meters with enough grace to pick up 40 style points, you would calculate:
· 95 – 60 = 35
· 35 × 2 = 70
· 70 + 40 =110
… so the jump would be worth 110 points.
Similarly, a jumper who manages 80 meters with 25 style points would score 65 points altogether.
Bronze Medal Puzzle: Albert the Albatross (of Albania) jumps exactly 90 meters and scores a perfect 60 for style. How many points does he earn?
Silver Medal Puzzle: Kelly the Kestrel (of Kazakhstan) jumps 95 meters and scores a total of 120 points. How many style points was she awarded?
Gold Medal Puzzle: Lemmy the Lemming (of Latvia) scores a total of zero, including no style points at all. How far did he jump?
Bobsled
Eddie the Eagle wasn’t the only feel-good story of the 1988 Games in Calgary. Another team that did remarkably well just to compete was the Jamaican bobsled team. Jamaica’s Caribbean climate is not the most helpful for bobsledding, but the team borrowed equipment and asked for help. While the four-man bob team was unplaced after crashing in qualifying, the two-man team finished a creditable 30th out of 41. The movie Cool Runnings is – very loosely – based on their experience.
In the bobsled (or bobsleigh), teams of two or four pack into a streamlined sled and slide down a twisting, icy course with steep, banked corners as fast as they possibly can – often as fast as 75mph. It gets its name from early competitors who realised they could go faster by bobbing back and forth inside the sled!
The 2010 Winter Olympics at Whistler, Canada, took place on a track 1,450 meters long. Each team had four runs at the course, and the winners were the team with the smallest total time.
* Feel free to use a calculator for this puzzle!
Bronze medal puzzle:
The run times for the gold medal-winning team (USA) were
50.89 seconds
50.86 seconds
51.19 seconds
51.52 seconds
What was their total time, in minutes and seconds?
Silver medal puzzle:
After their final heat, (Canada) were in second place with total time of 3 minutes, 24.85 seconds – but Germany still had one run to go. In the first three heats, Germany had a total time of 2 minutes, 33.48 seconds. How quickly, in seconds, did the German team have to complete their final run to win at least a share of the silver medal?
Gold medal puzzle:
USA’s second heat time of 50.86 seconds was a track record.
What was their average speed in meters per second?
Can you convert that to miles per hour? (Note: there are 1,609.344 meters in a mile.)
Ice Hockey
One of ice hockey’s most famous Olympic matches was the 1980 medal-round game between the USA and the Soviet Union, or USSR. The USSR had won the previous five ice hockey gold medals, and were hot favourites to win a sixth. The American team, on the other hand, was young and inexperienced. Despite trailing 1-0, 2-1, and 3-2 at various points in the game, the USA came back to win 4-3. The commentator famously counted down the last few seconds, saying: “Five seconds left in the game… do you believe in miracles? YES!” – and the match entered folklore as The Miracle On Ice. There are at least two movies about it!
If you don’t know what ice hockey is, you can probably guess: it’s a high-speed, physical game in which skaters try to hit a small rubber puck into the other team’s goal using a curved stick. Matches consist of three 20-minute periods; if a match is tied, the teams play a fourth ‘overtime’ period, followed by a shoot-out if needed.
In the Olympics, the first round of the tournament is a group phase. The teams are split into groups of four, and the teams in each group play each other once.
Teams are awarded:
· three points for a win in regular time (W),
· two points for winning in overtime or in a shootout (OTW),
· one for losing in overtime or in a shootout (OTL), and
· none for losing in regular time (L).
The total number of goals each team scores (GF) and concedes (GA) are recorded, and the difference between them (goal difference, or GD) is used as a tie-breaker.
Bronze medal: In the 2014 Winter Olympics in Sochi, the results in group A were as follows:
· RUS 5-2 SLV
· SVK 1-7 USA
· SVK 1-3 SLV
· USA 3-2 RUS (shootout)
· RUS 1-0 SVK (shootout)
· SLV 1-5 USA
Can you fill out the final group table? (Get your printable table here)
Silver medal puzzle
The final table in Group C looked like this:
a) What was the score in each of Switzerland’s games?
b) The Czech Republic lost 4-2 to Sweden.
What were the scores of the remaining two games?
b) The Czech Republic scored a total of six goals (two against Sweden and none against Switzerland) and conceded seven (four against Sweden and one against Switzerland). That means they must have beaten Latvia 4-2. CZE 4-2 LAT.
Of the 10 goals Sweden scored, four were against the Czechs and one against Switzerland, so they must have scored five against Latvia.
They conceded five, of which two were against the Czechs and none against Switzerland, so the remaining three belong to Latvia. SWE 5-3 LAT.
Gold medal puzzle: The final table in Group B looked like this, only some of the numbers are missing. Can you fill them in?
*Hint: do the left hand side of the table first
Canada’s goal difference is 11-2 = +9.
Finland must have conceded seven goals to have a GD of +8.
Austria must have scored seven to have a GD of -8.
The last bit is trickier: the total of the goal difference column must be zero, so Norway’s GD is -9, and they conceded 12 goals. (You can also see this by saying every goal is scored by someone and conceded by someone else – so the totals of the GF and GA columns must be the same.)
The final table looks like this:
There's math to be found in all the Winter Olympic events - enjoy it!
Why do math puzzles? Working through puzzles is great for active minds of all ages. And if the whole family can get involved, all the better. Aside from helping to develop mathematical thinking and reasoning, puzzles help to build resilience, a useful skill for all budding mathematicians.
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